2Al +  3H₂SO₄   →   Al₂(SO₄)₃  + 3H₂

Fe  +  H₂SO₄    →    FeSO₄  +   H₂

nH₂=\(\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}\)= 0,4 mol

Gọi số mol của Al và Fe trong 11 gam hỗn hợp là x và y mol ta có:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=11\\1,5x+y=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\)=> x = 0,2 và y = 0,1

Theo tỉ lệ phương trình => nH₂SO₄ cần dùng = nH₂ = 0,4 mol

=> V_H2SO4 cần dùng = \(\dfrac{0,4}{2}\)= 0,2 lít

%mAl = \(\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}.100\)= 49,1% => %mFe = 100- 49,1 = 50,9%

a) 

Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

b)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl₂ + H₂

            0,3<-----------------0,3

=> m_Mg = 0,3.24 = 7,2 (g)

=> m_Ag = 10,4 - 7,2 = 3,2 (g)

c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{7,2}{10,4}.100\%=69,23\%\\\%m_{Ag}=\dfrac{3,2}{10,4}.100\%=30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\\Al\end{matrix}\right.+HCl->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}FeCl2\\AlCl3\end{matrix}\right.+H2\)

Ta có số mol Fe là x , Al là y (mol)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+27y=11\\127x+133,5y=39,4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mFe=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}=50,9\%\\\%mAl=\dfrac{0,2.27}{11}=49,09\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bảo toàn e :

\(2.nH2=2.nFe+3.nAl\Rightarrow nH2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

\(V=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)

\(nFe=nFeCl2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(nAl=nAlCl3=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow nHCl\left(pứ\right)=2.0,1+3.0,2=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

\(Cm=\dfrac{n}{V}=\dfrac{0,8}{0,2}=4\left(M\right)\)

\(a)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4mol\\ n_{Fe}=a;n_{Al}=b\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=11\\a+1,5b=0,4\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,1;b=0,2\)

\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{11}\cdot100=50,91\%\\ \%m_{Al}=100-50,91=49,09\%\)

\(b)Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)

0,1            0,2          0,1          0,1

\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_2+3H_2\)

0,2          0,6           0,2            0,3

\(m_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,6\right).36,5}{9,125}\cdot100=320g\)       

\(c)m_{dd}=320+11-0,1.2-0,3.2=308,2g\)

\(C_{\%FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{308,2}\cdot100=4,12\%\\ C_{\%AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{308,2}\cdot100=8,66\%\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25(mol)\\ a,PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

\(b,\) Đặt \(n_{Fe}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\)

\(\Rightarrow 56x+27y=8,3(1)\)

Theo PTHH: \(x+1,5y=0,25(2)\)

\((1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{8,3}.100\%=67,47\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-67,47\%=32,53\%\)

\(\text{Đặt }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\text{Theo đề ta có HPT: }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=8,3\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot27}{8,3}\approx32,53\%\\\%_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(c,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1\cdot133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{muối}=13,35+12,7=26,05\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ a,PTHH:Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ b,n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6(g)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{12}.100\%=46,67\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Cu}=100\%-46,67\%=53,33\%\\ c,n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1M\)

Gọi nMg = a (mol); nFe = b (mol)

24a + 56b = 10,4 (1)

nH2 = 6,72/22,4 = 0,3 (mol)

PTHH:

Mg + 2HCl -> MgCl2 + H2

a ---> a ---> a ---> a

Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2

b ---> b ---> b ---> b

a + b = 0,3 (2)

(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)

mMg = 0,2 . 24 = 4,8 (g)

mFe = 0,1 . 56 = 5,6 (g)

a)PTHH Mg + 2HCl —> MgCl2 + H2

 Theo pt 1mol  2mol       1mol       1mol

Theo bài x mol                                   x mol

PTHH Fe +  2HCl —> FeCl2 + H2

Theo pt1mol  2mol       1mol       1mol

Theo bài 0,3-x                                   0,3-x

Số moi H2 (đktc)là nH2=V/22,4=6,72/22,4=0,3 moi

b)đặt H2 ở pt1 là x và H2 pt2 là 0,3-x

Ta được pt: 24x + (0,3-x)56 = 10,4g

=>giải pt ta được x=0,2

Khối lượng Mg là: mMg=n.m=24.0,2=4.8(g)

Khối lượng Fe là:mFe=n.m=(0,3-0,2).56=5,6(g)

a) PTHH : 

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

b) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{V}{22,4}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,3mol\)

\(m_{Mg}=n.M=0,3.24=7,2g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=m_{hh}-m_{Mg}=10,4-7,2=3,2g\)